Spouge is a style of
Barbadian popular music created by
Jackie Opel in the 1960s. It is said to be primarily a fusion of Jamaican
ska with Trinidadian calypso, but is also influenced by a wide variety of musics from the British Isles and United States, include
sea shanties, hymns and
spirituals. Spouge instrumentation originally consisted of
cowbell, bass guitar, trap set and various other electronic and percussion instruments, later augmented by
saxophone,
trombone and
trumpet. Janice Millington, musician and author, lists the American and British influences as including Welsh, Scottish and Irish elements, "transmitted through literature and poetry (Shakespeare and Milton), rhymes, folk songs, sea shanties, classical music, hymns, and other songs of praise (all of which have) been constantly available, providing entertainment, edification and general education to all people of Barbados. North American love songs, parlor songs, African-American spirituals and folk hymns, and hillbilly music have also contributed to a cultural mixture in which the love of a song, the expression through movement, and demand for theater continue to be of paramount importance".
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