Shirāz ( Shīrāz) is an ancient city located in a green plain at the foot of the
Zagros Mountains in southwest
Iran. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. Shiraz has also served as the capital of
Iran many times. It was the capital of
Persia during the
Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781 as well as briefly during the
Saffarid period. It was also the capital of southern Iran from 1781 until 1794. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists.
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