Shaka (sometimes spelled Tshaka, Tchaka or Chaka; ca.
1787 – ca.
22 September 1828) was a
Zulu leader. He is widely credited with transforming the Zulu tribe from a small clan into the beginnings of a nation that held sway over the large portion of Southern Africa between the
Phongolo and
Mzimkhulu rivers. His military prowess and destructiveness have been widely credited. One
Encyclopædia Britannica article (Macropaedia Article "Shaka" 1974 ed) asserts that he was something of a military genius for his reforms and innovations. Other writers take a more limited view of his achievements. Nevertheless, his statesmanship and vigour in assimilating some neighbours and ruling by proxy marks him as one of the greatest Zulu chieftains.
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[Japanese] The Silent Sage in Japanese Buddhism, the embodiment of perfect virtue and the first appearance of the Buddha on earth in bodily form. Shrines dedicated to his worship can be found in every monastery. Shaka's great festival is called Hana-Matsuri ("Flower Festival") and is celebrated on April 8. Shaka corresponds with the Sanskrit Shakyamuni, Shaka Muni or Sakyamuni. Amoghasiddhi is his bodhisattva aspect.