Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (also Croatian or Serbian, Serbian or Croatian, recently Shtokavian) (srpskohrvatski, cрпскохрватски, hrvatskosrpski, hrvatski ili srpski or srpski ili hrvatski, also štokavski), is a
South Slavic diasystem. "Serbo-Croatian" was used as as an umbrella term (
dachsprache) for dialects spoken in
Serbia,
Montenegro,
Bosnia and Herzegovina; it was one of the
official languages of
Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1991 (along with
Slovenian and
Macedonian). In its standardized form, it was based on
Štokavian dialect and defined in Ekavian and Iyekavian variants called "pronounciations" (unofficially, there were "Eastern" (based on Serbian idiom) and "Western" (based on Croatian idiom) variants. By extension, it often declared also
Kaykavian and
Chakavian as its dialects (while
Torlakian dialect was never recognized in official linguistics), but they were not in official use. The term was mentioned for the first time by Slovenian philologist
Jernej Kopitar in a letter from 1836, although it cannot be ruled out that he had become acquainted with the term by reading the Slovak philologist
Pavol Jozef Šafárik's manuscript "Slovanské starožitnosti" printed 1837.
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adj. เกี่ยวกับภาษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย n. ภาษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย
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