There are currently 4.5 to 5.5 million
Serbs in
diaspora throughout the world (those that are not constitutional peoples; like in
Serbia,
Montenegro and
Bosnia and Herzegovina in this case). Serbians and Montenegrins are closely related and historic allies against the
Ottoman Empire and invasions by the
Turks from
Turkey, but are two different regional or national groups (In
2006,
Montenegro seceded from
Serbia, closed the chapter of the former
Yugoslavia). The
Serb diaspora (commonly known as the Serbian diaspora) was the consequence of either voluntary departure, coercion and/or
forced migrations or
expulsions that occurred in six big waves: To the west and north, caused mostly by the
Ottoman Turks.To the east (
Czechoslovakia,
Russia,
Ukraine and across the former
USSR from
World War I and
World War II, to until the fall of
Communism in
Eastern Europe by the early-
1990s).To the
USA for economic reasons, but Serbians also migrated to
Canada,
Australia,
New Zealand, and
South America (esp.
Chile and
Argentina, also see
Montenegrins in Argentina).During wartime, particularly
World War II and post-war political migration, predominantly into overseas countries (large waves of Serbian and other Yugoslavians into the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand).Going abroad for temporary work as "guest workers" and "resident aliens" who stayed in their new homelands during the turbulent
1960s and
1970s (to
Austria,
Belgium,
Denmark,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Italy, the
Netherlands,
Portugal,
Spain,
Sweden and the
United Kingdom), however some Serbians returned to Yugoslavia in the
1980s. Escaping from the uncertain situation (1991-1995) caused by the dissolution of
Yugoslavia, the renewal of vicious ethnic conflicts and civil war, as well as by the disastrous economic crises, which largely affected the educated or skilled labor forces (i.e. "brain drain"), increasingly migrated to
Western Europe,
North America and Australia/New Zealand.
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