Events1176 - The
Battle of Myriokephalon is fought.1462 - The
Battle of Świecino (or
Battle of Żarnowiec) is fought during
Thirteen Years' War.1577 -
Peace of Bergerac signed between
Henry III of France and the
Huguenots.
1630 - The city of
Boston, Massachusetts, is founded.
1631 - Sweden wins a major victory at the
Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the
Thirty Years War.
1776 - The
Presidio of San Francisco is founded in
New Spain.
1778 -
Treaty of Fort Pitt signed, the first formal treaty between the
United States and a
Native American tribe (the
Lenape or
Delaware).
1787 - The
United States Constitution is signed in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1809 - Peace between
Sweden and
Russia in the
Finnish War. The territory to become
Finland is ceded to
Russia by the
Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
1814 -
Francis Scott Key finishes his
The Star-Spangled Banner poem.
1859 -
Joshua A. Norton declares himself
Emperor Norton I of the
United States.
1862 -
American Civil War:
George B. McClellan halts the northward drive of
Robert E. Lee's
Confederate army in the single-day
Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history.
1894 -
Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the
First Sino-Japanese War.
1900 -
Philippine-American War:
Filipinos under
Juan Cailles defeat
Americans under
Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at
Mabitac.
1908 - The
Wright Flyer flown by
Orville Wright, with
Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes; killing Selfridge. He becomes the first airplane fatality.
1914 -
Andrew Fisher becomes
Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
1916 -
World War I:
Manfred von Richthofen ("
The Red Baron"), a
flying ace of the
German Luftstreitkräfte, won his first aerial combat near
Cambrai,
France.
1920 -
National Football League is organized in
Canton, Ohio,
United States.
1924 - The
Border Defence Corps was established in the
Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed
Soviet raids and local bandits.
1928 - The
Okeechobee Hurricane strikes southeastern
Florida, killing upwards of 2,500 people. It is the third deadliest natural disaster in
US history, behind the
Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the
1906 San Francisco earthquake.
1939 - The
Soviet Union joined
Nazi Germany's invasion of
Poland during the
Polish Defensive War of
1939. 1939 -
World War II: A
German U-boat U 29 sinks the
British aircraft carrier
HMS Courageous.
1941 - A decree of the
Soviet State Committee of Defense, restoring
Vsevobuch in the face of the
Great Patriotic War, was issued
1943 -
Russian city of
Bryansk liberated from
Nazis.
1944 -
Allied Airborne troops parachute into
Holland as the "Market" half of
Operation Market Garden.
1947 -
James V. Forrestal was sworn in as the
first Secretary of Defense of United States.
1948 -
Lehi (also known as the
Stern gang) assassinates
Count Folke Bernadotte, who was appointed by the
UN to mediate between the
Arabs and
Jews.
1949 - The
Canadian steamship
SS Noronic burns in
Toronto Harbor with the loss of over 118 lives.
1956 -
Television was first broadcast in
Australia.
1957 - The
North East Humanists group was founded in
Newcastle upon Tyne.
1967 -
Jim Morrison and
The Doors defy
CBS censors on
The Ed Sullivan Show.
1970 - Fighting breaks out along the
Syria-
Jordanian border between
Jordanian troops and the
fedayeen.
1975 - Television development executive Josh Anisfeld is brought into the world in London, England.
1976 - The first
Space Shuttle,
Enterprise, was unveiled by
NASA.
1978 - The
Camp David Accords were signed by
Israel and
Egypt.
1983 -
Vanessa Williams becomes the first black
Miss America.
1991 -
North Korea,
South Korea,
Estonia,
Latvia,
Lithuania, the
Marshall Islands and
Micronesia join the
United Nations.
1991 - The first version of the
Linux kernel (0.01) is released to the
Internet.
1993 - Last
Russian troops leave
Poland.
2001 - The New York Stock Exchange opened for the first time since the September 11 attacks; the Dow Jones Industrial Average posted its biggest point drop in its history, closing down 684.81 points to 8920.70.
2004 -
Tamil is declared first
classical language in
India.
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