The Seminole are a
Native American people originally of
Florida, and now residing in that state and in
Oklahoma. The Seminole nation came into existence in the 18th century and was composed of Native Americans from
Georgia,
Mississippi, and
Alabama, most significantly the
Creek Nation, as well as
African Americans who escaped from
slavery in
South Carolina and Georgia (see
Black Seminoles). While roughly 3,000 Seminoles were forced west of the
Mississippi River, including the Seminole Nation of
Oklahoma, who picked up new members along their way, approximately 300 to 500 Seminoles stayed and fought in and around the
Everglades of Florida. In a series of wars against the Seminoles in Florida, about 1,500 U.S. soldiers died. The Seminoles never surrendered to the
United States government, hence, the Seminoles of Florida call themselves the "Unconquered People." The Florida Seminoles are the only American Indian tribe never to have signed a formal peace treaty with the United States.
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