Self-fertilization

act or process of fertilizing itself, independent fertilization

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual.
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Noun
1. fertilization by the union of male and female gametes from the same individual
(synonym) self-fertilisation
(antonym) cross-fertilization, cross-fertilisation
(hypernym) fertilization, fertilisation, fecundation, impregnation
(hyponym) autogamy

(n.)
The fertilization of a flower by pollen from the same flower and without outer aid; autogamy.
  

(also selfing, self-pollination): The fusion of male and female gametes produced by the same (hermaphrodite or bisexual) individual. Self-fertilization allows an individual to create a local population, but it fails to provide variability within a population and limits the possibilities for adaptation to environmental change. Some plants reproduce by self-fertilization but most hermaphroditic animals rarely use self-fertilization, since many of them have adaptations encouraging cross-fertilization.