Abdullah Saud bin Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad al Saud (
Arabic: سعود بن عبد العزيز بن محمد آل سعود ) ruled the
First Saudi State from the death of his father
Abdul Aziz in
1803 until his own death in
1814. Saud's reign was a period of religious cleansing in
Arabia. During his reign, attacks on shrines in
Iraq continued. More importantly though, the House of Saud extended its rule beyond the
Nejd and into the
Hijaz. This culminated with the capture of
Mecca and
Madinah. The new Saudis cleansed the
Kaba in Mecca and destroyed the graves of numerous important men in Madinah. This was in accordance with the
Wahhabi desire to return
Islam to its simple beginnings. The forces of Saud also felt that they were emulating the example of
Muhammad who smashed idols when he retook Mecca.
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After the death of Abdul Aziz, his son, Saud, ruled from 1803 (1218 AH) through 1814 (1230 AH). In 1803 (1218 AH), Saud bin Abdul Aziz, provoked by the Sharif of Makkah, marched on the Holy City and took it. There he and his men performed Hajj. The Saudi Kingdom now stretched from Nejd to Hasa in the west and south towards Najran. Such an increase in authority was not to pass unchallenged. The Turkish Empire concluded that action must be taken and invited Muhammad Ali, the Viceroy of Egypt (which at that time fell within the Ottoman sphere of influence) to dismantle the work of Muhammad bin Saud, his son and grandson, and to put an end to the emerging nation.
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