Samuel Houston (
March 2,
1793–
July 26,
1863) was a 19th century
American statesman, politician, and soldier. Born in Rockbridge County,
Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley, Houston was a key figure in the history of
Texas, including periods as President of the
Republic of Texas,
Senator for Texas after it joined the
United States, and finally as
governor. Although a
slaveowner and opponent of
abolitionism, he refused, because of his unionist convictions, to swear loyalty to the
Confederacy when Texas
seceded from the Union, bringing his governorship to an end. To avoid bloodshed, he refused an offer of an army to put down the rebellion, and instead retired to
Huntsville, Texas, where he died before the end of the
Civil War.
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