Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems store energy in the
magnetic field created by the flow of
direct current in a
superconducting coil which has been
cryogenically cooled to a temperature below its superconducting critical temperature. A typical SMES system includes three parts: superconducting
coil, power conditioning system and cryogenically cooled refrigerator. Once the superconducting coil is charged, the current will not decay and the magnetic energy can be stored indefinitely. The stored energy can be released back to the network by discharging the coil. The power conditioning system uses an
inverter/
rectifier to transform
alternating current (AC) power to direct current or convert DC back to AC power. The inverter/rectifier accounts for about 2-3 nergy loss in each direction. SMES loses the least amount of
electricity in the energy storage process compared to other methods of storing energy. SMES systems are highly efficient; the round-trip efficiency is greater than 95%.
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