Ritornello
In
Baroque music, ritornello was the word for a recurring passage for
orchestra in the first or final movement of a
solo concerto or
aria (also in works for
chorus). In ritornello form, the tutti opens with a
theme called the ritornello (refrain). This theme, always played by the tutti, returns in different keys throughout the movement. However, it usually returns in incomplete fragments. It was favoured by composers such as Bach, Vivaldi and Handel and was used frequently in concertos, chamber works and vocal and choral pieces, though most prominently in the solo concerto where it created a ‘tutti-solo-tutti-solo-tutti’ pattern, with the ritornello being the ‘tutti’ section. When the
classical music era started, the ritornello form was altered to resemble
sonata form, though it later transformed to become
rondo form.
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ritornello (m)
n.
refrain, verse or phrase that is repeated during a song or poem
Ritornello
(n.)
A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, often consisting of the burden of the song.
(n.)
A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter.
About
ritornello
Eng: ritornello
Urdu: (موسیقی) نَغمے کے دَوران ساز پَر بَجائی جانے والی موسیقی ۔