Republic of Panama

This article is about the country in the Americas; for other uses, see Panama (disambiguation). Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (; ), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on an isthmus, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation connecting the north and south part of the Americas. It borders Costa Rica to the north-west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. It is an international business center and is also a transit country. In Central America, it is the second most industrialized country, behind El Salvador.
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Panama is a cryptographic primitive which can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher. Based on StepRightUp, it was designed by Joan Daemen and Craig Clapp and presented in the paper Fast Hashing and Stream Encryption with PANAMA on the Fast Software Encryption (FSE) conference 1998. The cipher has influenced several other designs, for example MUGI.
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Noun
1. a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903
(synonym) Panama
(hypernym) Central American country, Central American nation
(member-holonym) Organization of American States, OAS
(part-holonym) Isthmus of Panama
(member-meronym) Panamanian
(part-meronym) Panama Canal

Flag of Panama
Background With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. On 7 September 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of 1999. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the intervening years. With US help, dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were turned over to Panama by or on 31 December 1999. Map of Panama More about Panama: Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues