Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi;
31 May 1923 –
6 April 2005), styled His Serene Highness The
Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the
Principality of
Monaco for almost fifty-six years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the
20th century. Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married
American actress
Grace Kelly, he was also responsible for reforms to
Monaco's constitution and for expanding the principality's economy beyond its traditional
gambling base. Gambling accounts for approximately three percent of the nation's annual revenue today; when Rainier ascended the throne in
1949, it accounted for more than 95 percent. Before his death, he was the world's second-longest reigning monarch with his 56 years of reign.
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