Qiyas
In
Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (
Arabic قياس) is the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (
nass) to a new injunction. According to this method, the ruling of the Quran and sunnah may be extended to a new problem provided that the precedent (asl) and the new problem (far) share the same operative or effective cause (illah). The illah is the specific set of circumstances that trigger a certain law into action. Both Sunni Islam and
Shi'a Islam share
Qur'anic interpretation, the
Sunnah, and
Ijma' (consensus) as sources of Islamic law, although the two sects differ significantly with regards to the manner in which they use these sources. The sects also differ on the fourth source. Sunni Islam uses qiyas as the fourth source, whereas Shi'a Islam uses
'aql (intellect). Other methods of deducing the law, such as mafhm al-nass (the clear implication of the text), tamthil (similarity or likeness),
istihsan (juristic preference), or istislah (consideration of public interest), either explicitly rely on qiyas or use methods of analysis that are similar in their approach to qiyas.
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Qiyas
Le terme qiyâs (قياس [qiyās], analogie; référence; syllogisme;) désigne un type de raisonnement utilisé dès une époque ancienne par les juristes musulmans pour déterminer la solution d'un problème de droit (
fiqh) non prévu par les textes du
Coran et de la
Sunna.
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Qiyas
Das
arabische Wort Qiyas kommt von der Wurzel /, die in der Grundbedeutung „messen“, „vergleichen“, „beurteilen“ heißt. Qiyas als Hauptwort bedeutet: „Maß“, „Maßstab“, „Beispiel“, „Vergleich“; als terminus technicus im
Fiqh, in der islamischen Rechtswissenschaft, heißt es „Analogie“, „Analogieschluss“.
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Кияс
Qiyas