QGP

new form of matter in which freely propagating quarks and gluons exist in the plasma

A quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density. This phase consists of (almost) free quarks and gluons which are the basic building blocks of matter. It is believed to have existed during the first 20 to 30 microseconds after the universe came into existence in the Big Bang. Experiments at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) first tried to create the QGP in the 1980s and 1990s, and may have been partially successful[1]. Currently, experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are continuing this effort [2]. Three new experiments running on CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), ALICE [3], ATLAS and CMS, will continue studying properties of QGP.
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