Punjab (, ) (Also spelled Panjab) is a
state in northwest
India. The Indian state borders the
Pakistani province of Punjab to the west,
Jammu and Kashmir to the north,
Himachal Pradesh to the northeast,
Haryana to the south and southeast,
Chandigarh to the southeast and
Rajasthan to the southwest. The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometres (19,445 square miles). The population is 24,289,296 (2000). Punjab's capital is Chandigarh, which is administered separately as a
Union Territory since it is also the capital of neighbouring Haryana. Other major cities of Punjab include
Ludhiana,
Amritsar,
Jalandhar and
Patiala. The state is the location of one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, the
Indus Valley Civilization,
India's first civilization.
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