Pseudonym

A pseudonym (, pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a person's legal name. In most legal systems, a name assumed for a non-fraudulent purpose is a legal name and usable as the person's true name, which is however preferred or required for various official purposes. The most common example is when a woman assumes her husband's surname without resorting to the formal statutory process (i.e. by petitioning a court; a few American states have a statutory provision for recording a new name at marriage.) Note that in some States only the given and surnames form the legal name; "a middle name or initial is not material in any legal proceeding". A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another actual person, usually historical, assumed by someone in authorship of a work of art; such as when ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s,  1960s and 1970s. Someone who is pseudonymous is someone who is using a pseudonym. The opposite is anthroponym, meaning a full legal name or some recognisable shortened form of it such as Fred Smith for Frederick John Smith, with or without titles.
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Le pseudonyme ou pseudo (abréviation usuelle), est un nom d'emprunt pris par quelqu'un qui ne souhaite pas exercer une certaine activité sous son véritable nom.
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Das Pseudonym ( – wörtlich „fälschlich so genannt“ von – die Lüge und – der Name) ist ein fingierter Name, den besonders Künstler und Schriftsteller aus unterschiedlichen Gründen verwenden.
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Pseudonim (z pseudonymos, dosł. "pod fałszywym imieniem") – indywidualna nazwa danej osoby, inna niż oficjalne imię i nazwisko. Pseudonim jest stosowany zwykle przy szczególnych okazjach w rozmaitych celach: dla ukrycia swoich oficjalnych personaliów,w celu łatwiejszego zapamiętania danej osoby,dla podkreślenia jakichś swoistych cech osobowych czy wyglądu danej osoby.Pseudonim może zostać nadany danej osobie przez grupę, wśród której jest on używany, lub przez samego siebie.
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Uno pseudonimo è un nome fittizio, diverso da quello anagrafico, utilizzato da scrittori, cantanti, artisti, personaggi politici o altri personaggi pubblici per nascondere la propria vera identità o come nome d'arte. In molti casi lo pseudonimo, come si noterà in séguito, è semplicemente una forma in qualche modo abbreviata di un nome anagrafico particolarmente lungo o di difficile pronuncia rispetto al sistema fonolinguistico della lingua in uso nel paese in cui si opera artisticamente o professionalmente. Nella Repubblica italiana lo pseudonimo, qualora sia utilizzato in maniera tale da avere acquisito l'importanza del nome, e cioè da rendere la persona riconoscibile pubblicamente, è tutelato al pari del nome anagrafico ai sensi dell'articolo 9 del codice civile.
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