Protagoras

Protagoras (Greek: ) (ca. 490–  420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the professional sophist or teacher of virtue. Protagoras was born in Abdera, Thrace, in Ancient Greece. "In Plato's Protagoras, before the company of Socrates, Prodicus, and Hippias, he states that he is old enough to be the father of any of them. This suggests a date of not later than 490 B.C." In the Meno (91e) he is said to have died at about the age of seventy after forty years as a practicing Sophist. His death, then, may be assumed to have occurred circa 420." He was well-known in Athens and became a friend of Pericles. Plutarch relates a story in which the two spend a whole day discussing an interesting point of legal responsibility, that probably involved a more philosophical question of causation. "In an athletic contest a man had been accidentally hit and killed with a javelin. Was his death to be attributed to the javelin itself, to the man who threw it, or to the authorities responsible for the conduct of the games?" Protagoras was also renowned as a teacher who addressed subjects connected to virtue and political life. He was especially involved in the question of whether virtue could be taught, a commonplace issue of 5th Century B.C. Greece (and related to modern readers through Plato's dialogue). Rather than educators who offered specific, practical training in rhetoric and public speaking, Protagoras attempted to formulate a reasoned understanding, on a very general level, of a wide range of human phenomena (for example, language and education). He also seems to have had an interest in orthoepeia, or the correct use of words (a topic more strongly associated with his fellow-sophist Prodicus).
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Protagoras (en grec ancien  / Prôtagóras) est né à Abdère en Thrace vers 485 et mort vers 420 av. J.-C. Il fut un philosophe présocratique et l'un des enseignants professionnels grecs appelés sophistes par Socrate. Il enseigna une pensée proche de Démocrite qui lui succéda probablement, si l'on se fie à l'âge de ce dernier. Par son ami Périclès, il influença la pensée politique contemporaine d’Athènes. Ses idées sur la rhétorique et le droit ont amené le système adversaire dans lequel on amène un étudiant à débattre pour les deux parties en guise d'entraînement en droit.
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Protagoras, gr. Πρωταγόρας, aus Abdera in Thrakien (* 490; † 411 v. Chr.) war ein vorsokratischer Philosoph der griechischen Antike und zählt zu den bedeutendsten Sophisten. Er verbrachte den Großteil seines Lebens in Athen, fiel später wegen seiner Lehren bei der Volksversammlung in Ungnade und wurde verbannt. Auf der Flucht nach Sizilien starb Protagoras, seine Schriften wurden vernichtet.
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Protagoras z Abdery (gr. Protagoras ho Abderites, ur. ok. 480 p.n.e., zm. ok. 410 p.n.e.) – grecki  filozof, zaliczany do sofistów.Niewiele wiadomo o Protagorasie. Najważniejszym źródłem mówiącym o tym filozofie które dotrwało do naszych czasów, jest dialog Platona Protagoras, który jednak nie może być uważany za źródło historyczne.
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Protagora (481 a.C. - 415/414 a.C., in greco Πρωταγόρας), è un filosofo  presocratico nato ad Abdera in Tracia. Le fonti raccontano che a trent'anni cominciò a dedicarsi all'insegnamento sofistico, il che lo portò a viaggiare per tutta l'antica Grecia e a soggiornare più volte ad Atene. Qui entra in contatto con personalità importanti sia dell'ambito culturale (come Euripide) sia di quello politico, (Pericle, che lo sceglie per redigere la costituzione di Turii, nuova colonia panellenica fondata nel 444 a.C.). Probabilmente la vicinanza a Pericle, nonché le posizioni agnostiche in ambito teologico in un momento di crisi per la polis di Atene (erano gli anni dello scandalo delle Erme), gli procurano un'accusa per empietà e la condanna all'esilio (per altri, fu Protagora a fuggire per evitare pene peggiori), che lo porta infine a morire lontano da Atene, durante un naufragio.
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