Pope Clement III

See also, 11th century antipope Clement III. Pope Clement III (or Paolo) (died March 27, 1191), born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.A Roman by birth, he was made cardinal bishop of Palestrina by Pope Alexander III (1159–81) in  1180 or 1181. Shortly after his accession, he succeeded in allaying the conflict which had existed for half a century between the Popes and the citizens of Rome, with an agreement by which the citizens were allowed to elect their magistrates, while the nomination of the governor of the city remained in the hands of the Pope. He incited Henry II of England (1154–89) and  Philip II of France (1180–1223) to undertake the  Third Crusade (1189–92), and introduced several minor reforms in  ecclesiastical matters. On 31 May 1188 he concluded a treaty with the Romans which removed difficulties of long standing, and in April 1189 he made peace with the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. He settled a controversy with William I of Scotland (1165–1214) concerning the choice of the  archbishop of St. Andrews, and on 13 March 1188 removed the Scottish church from under the legatine jurisdiction of the archbishop of York, thus making it independent of all save Rome. In spite of his conciliatory policy, Clement III angered Henry VI of Germany (1190–97) by bestowing  Sicily on Tancred (1189–94). The crisis was acute when the Pope died, probably in the latter part of March 1191.
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Cet article traite du pape Clément III. L'antipape du même nom est décrit dans son propre article.
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Clemens III., bürgerlicher Name Paolo Scolari († 25. März 1191), war vom 19. Dezember 1187 an Papst. Vor seinem Pontifikat bekleidete er die Ämter eines Päpstlichen Subdiakons, des Erzpriesters von Santa Maria Maggiore und von 1181 bis 1187 des Kardinalbischof von Preneste.Der Römer Clemens III. konnte als erster Papst seit langem dank eines Vertrages mit der Stadt Rom relativ ungestört residieren. Im Jahre 1189 schloss er mit dem Kaiser Friedrich I. Barbarossa den Vertrag von Straßburg, der die vollständige Rückgabe des Kirchenstaates regelte. Während des Pontifikats von Clemens brach Friedrich I. Barbarossa zum 3. Kreuzzug auf.
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Klemens III wcześniej Paolo Scolari, papież, którego pontyfikat przypadał od 19 grudnia 1187 do marca 1191. W 1189 Poparł Tankreda z Lecce przeciwko Henrykowi VI Hohenstaufowi w walce o sukcesję sycylijską.
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Venne eletto Papa il 19 dicembre 1187, e morì nel marzo 1191. Clemente riuscì, poco dopo la sua elezione, nel 1188, ad appianare le discordie che da mezzo secolo esistevano tra i Papi e i cittadini di Roma, in virtù di un accordo, il "Patto di Concordia", in base al quale a questi ultimi veniva concesso il permesso di eleggere i propri magistrati, mentre la nomina del governatore della città rimase nelle mani del Papa. Incitò Enrico II d'Inghilterra e Filippo Augusto a partecipare alla Terza Crociata, e introdusse diverse riforme minori su questioni ecclesisastiche.
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