Pharisee

The word Pharisees comes from the Hebrew  פרושים prushim from פרוש parush, meaning "separated" , that is, one who is separated for a life of purity (Ernest Klein, Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language). The Pharisees were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). After the destruction of the Second Temple, the Pharisaic sect was re-established as Rabbinic Judaism — which ultimately produced normative, traditional Judaism, the basis for all contemporary forms of Judaism, including to some extent the  Karaites.
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(n.)
One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.
  

Noun
1. a member of an ancient Jewish sect noted for strict obedience to Jewish traditions
(hypernym) Jew, Hebrew, Israelite
(hyponym) Josephus, Flavius Josephus, Joseph ben Matthias

Noun
1. a self-righteous or sanctimonious person
(hypernym) unpleasant person, disagreeable person