Pair production

Pair production refers to the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, usually from a photon (or another neutral boson). This is allowed, provided there is enough energy available to create the pair – at least the total rest mass energy of the two particles – and that the situation allows both energy and momentum to be conserved (though not necessarily on shell). All other conserved quantum numbers (angular momentum, electric charge) of the produced particles must sum to zero — thus the created particles shall have opposite values of each (for instance, if one particle has strangeness +1 then another one must have strangeness −1).
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Noun
1. the transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus
(synonym) pair creation, pair formation
(hypernym) natural process, natural action, action, activity

The formation of a particle and its antimatter counterpart, from a high energy photon. This is caused by the photon passing close to a heavy charged particle such as an atomic nucleus and is a consequence of energy to mass conversion represented by E => mc2 which Einstein derived in his theory of special relativity. This is a striking example of the direct materialisation of energy. Two particles are always created so that linear and angular momentum and electric charge are conserved. A familiar example on earth is electron-positron pair production by a gamma ray with energy greater than twice the rest mass of an electron (= 2 x 511 keV = 1.02 MeV). The greater the charge on the target nucleus the greater the probability of the interaction.

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