In computing, PC Card is the form factor of a peripheral interface designed for laptop computers. Originally known as PCMCIA Card, short for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, the PC Card standard as well as its successor ExpressCard) was defined and developed by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), which itself was created by a number of computer industry companies in 1986 by Jacob D. Holm. It was originally designed as a standard for memory-expansion cards to compete with the JEIDA memory card standard developed in Japan. In 1991 the two standards merged as JEIDA 4.1 or PCMCIA 2.0 (PC Card).