The Ottoman Empire or
Ottoman Caliphate (1299 to 1922) (
Old Ottoman Turkish: دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye,
Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish: Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, also known as the Turkish Empire or Turkey by its contemporaries, see
the other names of the Ottoman State), was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious
Turkish-ruled state which, at the height of its power (16th – 17th centuries), spanned three
continents, controlling much of
Southeastern Europe, the
Middle East and
North Africa, stretching from the
Strait of Gibraltar (and, in 1553, the
Atlantic coast of
Morocco beyond Gibraltar) in the west to the
Caspian Sea and
Persian Gulf in the east, from the edge of
Austria,
Slovakia and parts of
Ukraine in the north to
Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia and
Yemen in the south.
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n. อาณาจักรตุรกี
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