Ottoman Caliphate

Ottoman Caliphate was the Caliphate of the Ottoman Dynasty of the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Dynasty used the title of Sultan and the Caliph only sporadically. As the Ottoman Empire grew in size and strength, Ottoman rulers beginning with Mehmed II began to claim caliphal authority. Mehmed II and his grandson Selim used it to justify their conquest of Islamic countries. The demise of the Ottoman Caliphate took place in part because of a slow erosion of power in relation to Europe and end of the state in consequence of partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. Abdul Mejid II, which lost the Sultanate, kept the Caliph position for couple years but with the Atatürk's reforms to create the modern Turkish state, the caliph position was dismembered.
See more at Wikipedia.org...