Orpheus (
Greek: Ορφεύς; pronounced in English as [] (ohr'-fee-uhs) or [] (ohr'-fews)) is a figure from
Greek mythology called by
Pindar "the father of songs". His name does not occur in
Homer or
Hesiod, but he was known by the time of
Ibycus (c.
530 BC).Orpheus was believed to be one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the
lyre. With his music and singing, he could charm wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance and even divert the course of rivers. As one of the pioneers of civilization, he is said to have taught humanity the arts of
medicine,
writing and
agriculture. Closely connected with religious life, Orpheus was an
augur and seer; practised magical arts, especially
astrology; founded or rendered accessible many important cults, such as those of
Apollo and the
Thracian god Dionysus; instituted mystic rites both public and private; and prescribed initiatory and purificatory rituals. In addition, Pindar describes Orpheus as the harpist and companion of
Jason and the Argonauts.
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