Ophthalmoscopy

n. examination of the eyes with an ophthalmoscope (device for examining the eyes)

The ophthalmoscope is an instrument used to examine the eye. Its use is crucial in determining the health of the retina and the vitreous humor. In patients with headaches, the finding of swollen optic discs, or papilledema, on ophthalmoscopy is a key sign, as this indicates raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which could be due to hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (aka pseudotumor cerebri) or brain tumor, amongst other conditions. Cupped optic discs are seen in glaucoma.
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Ophthalmoscopy /oph·thal·mos·co·py/ examination of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. medical ophthalmoscopy that performed for diagnostic [more]Ophthalmoscopy - Community and Resources

(n.)
Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope.
  

(n.)
A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's temper and character from the appearance of the eyes.
  

examination of the internal structures of the eye using an illumination and magnification system.