Open Systems Interconnection
The Open
Systems Interconnection (usually abbreviated to OSI) was an effort to standardize
networking that was started in
1982 by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), along with the
ITU-T.Prior to OSI, according to its proponents, networking was largely vendor-developed and proprietary, with
protocol standards such as
SNA,
Appletalk,
NetWare and
DECnet. OSI was an industry effort, attempting to get everyone to agree to common network standards to provide multi-vendor interoperability. It was common for large networks to support multiple network protocol suites, with many devices unable to talk to other devices because of a lack of common protocols between them. However while OSI developed its networking standards,
TCP/IP came into widespread use on multivendor networks, while below the network layer, both
Ethernet and
token ring played much the same role.
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Modèle OSI
OSI-Modell
Open Systems Interconnection
L'Open Systems Interconnection (meglio conosciuto come Modello ISO/OSI) è uno standard stabilito nel 1978 dall'
International Organization for Standardization, il principale ente di standardizzazione internazionale, (
ISO), che stabilisce una pila di
protocolli in 7 livelli.L'organizzazione sentì la necessità di produrre una serie di standard per le reti di calcolatori ed avviò il progetto OSI (Open Systems Interconnection), un modello standard di riferimento per l'interconnessione di sistemi aperti. Il documento che illustra tale attività è il Basic Reference Model di OSI, noto come standard
ISO 7498.
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OSI
В
1982 году Международная организация по стандартизации (
ISO) в сотрудничестве с
ITU-T начала новый проект в области
сетевых технологий, названный взаимодействием открытых систем, Open Systems Interconnection или OSI.До OSI сетевые технологии были полностью проприетарными, основанными на таких корпоративных
стандартах как
SNA, Decnet и XNS. OSI стала новой попыткой создания сетевых стандартов для обеспечения
совместимости решений разных поставщиков. В то время многие большие сети были вынуждены поддерживать несколько
протоколов взаимодействия и включали большое количество устройств, не имеющих возможность общаться с другими устройствами из-за отсутствия общих протоколов.
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