Old Norse
Old Norse was the
Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of
Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the
Viking Age, until about
1300. It evolved from the older
Proto-Norse, in the
8th century.Because most of the surviving texts are from Medieval Icelandic, the de facto standard version of the language is the Old West Norse dialect, that is Old Icelandic and
Old Norwegian. Most speakers of Old Norse, however, spoke the very similar Old East Norse dialect in Denmark and Sweden and their settlements. There was no clear geographical separation between the two dialects. Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden. In addition, there was also an
Old Gutnish dialect, sometimes included in Old East Norse because it was the least known dialect. However there are reasons to consider this a separate branch since it shares traits with both Old West Norse and Old East Norse and also has developed its own. The
Icelandic Gray Goose Laws stated that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes all spoke the same language, dnsk tunga. In the eastern dialect, which was spoken in Sweden and Denmark, this would have been dansk tunga and this translates as the "Danish tongue". It was also called norrœnt mál ("Nordic language").
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Vieux norrois
Altnordische Sprache
Altnordische Sprache ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für die
nordgermanischen Sprachen, die zwischen etwa 800 (Beginn der
Wikingerzeit) und 1500 in
Skandinavien gesprochen wurden. Zunächst nur auf
Dänemark,
Norwegen,
Schweden und die Südwestküste
Finnlands beschränkt, breitete sich das Altnordische mit den Wikingern auf die
Orkneys,
Shetlandinseln, Teile
Schottlands,
Irlands und
Mittelenglands, die
Färöer,
Island und kleine Teile
Grönlands aus. Ihr unmittelbarer Vorläufer ist das
Urnordische. Um ca. 1500 wurde die Sprache nur noch in Skandinavien (Dänemark, Norwegen, Schweden, Finnland) und auf den
nordatlantischen Inseln (Orkneys, Shetland, Färöer und Island) gesprochen.
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Jezyk staronordyjski
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Lingua norrena
Il norreno è una
lingua germanica evolutasi dalla
lingua proto-norrena successivamente al
VII secolo e usata dagli abitanti della
Scandinavia e delle loro colonie oltremare durante tutta l'
era vichinga. La maggior parte dei testi a noi pervenuti risalgono al cosiddetto periodo scandinavo antico della lingua islandese (1050-1350); lingua evolutasi dal norvegese antico successivamente alla colonizzazione dell'Islanda (
IX secolo). La versione standard di questo parlata islandese è il dialetto norreno occidentale, che è una via di mezzo fra l'antico islandese e l'antico norvegese.
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