Old Norse

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Old Norse
Old Norse was the Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. It evolved from the older Proto-Norse, in the 8th century.Because most of the surviving texts are from Medieval Icelandic, the de facto standard version of the language is the Old West Norse dialect, that is Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian. Most speakers of Old Norse, however, spoke the very similar Old East Norse dialect in Denmark and Sweden and their settlements. There was no clear geographical separation between the two dialects. Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden. In addition, there was also an Old Gutnish dialect, sometimes included in Old East Norse because it was the least known dialect. However there are reasons to consider this a separate branch since it shares traits with both Old West Norse and Old East Norse and also has developed its own. The Icelandic Gray Goose Laws stated that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes all spoke the same language, dnsk tunga. In the eastern dialect, which was spoken in Sweden and Denmark, this would have been dansk tunga and this translates as the "Danish tongue". It was also called norrœnt mál ("Nordic language").
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Vieux norrois
Le vieux norrois (ou norrois, norois ou encore vieil islandais) correspond aux premières attestations écrites d'une langue scandinave médiévale.
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Altnordische Sprache
Altnordische Sprache ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für die nordgermanischen Sprachen, die zwischen etwa 800 (Beginn der Wikingerzeit) und 1500 in Skandinavien gesprochen wurden. Zunächst nur auf DänemarkNorwegenSchweden und die Südwestküste Finnlands beschränkt, breitete sich das Altnordische mit den Wikingern auf die OrkneysShetlandinseln, Teile SchottlandsIrlands und Mittelenglands, die FäröerIsland und kleine Teile Grönlands aus. Ihr unmittelbarer Vorläufer ist das Urnordische. Um ca. 1500 wurde die Sprache nur noch in Skandinavien (Dänemark, Norwegen, Schweden, Finnland) und auf den nordatlantischen Inseln (Orkneys, Shetland, Färöer und Island) gesprochen.
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Jezyk staronordyjski
Język staronordyjski (staronordycki, staroislandzki, norse) - język z grupy języków germańskich, którym posługiwali się Wikingowie od VIII wieku do ok. 1300. Powstał z pranordyckiego w VIII w.Z niego rozwinęły się współczesne języki skandynawskieislandzkinorweskifarerskiszwedzki i duński oraz wymarły język norn z Szetlandów. Najbardziej podobny do niego jest współczesny język islandzki.Język staronordyjski wpływał również na język angielski, w szczególności dialekty szkockie mają dużo zapożyczeń z tego języka (zob. język Scots)
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Lingua norrena
Il norreno è una lingua germanica evolutasi dalla lingua proto-norrena successivamente al VII secolo e usata dagli abitanti della Scandinavia e delle loro colonie oltremare durante tutta l'era vichinga. La maggior parte dei testi a noi pervenuti risalgono al cosiddetto periodo scandinavo antico della lingua islandese (1050-1350); lingua evolutasi dal norvegese antico successivamente alla colonizzazione dell'Islanda (IX secolo). La versione standard di questo parlata islandese è il dialetto norreno occidentale, che è una via di mezzo fra l'antico islandese e l'antico norvegese.
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