The Ojibwa,
Anishinaabe, or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway, Aanishanabe, or Anishinabek) is the largest group of
Native Americans-
First Nations north of
Mexico, including
Métis. They are the third largest in the
United States, surpassed only by
Cherokee and
Navajo. They are equally divided between the United States and
Canada. Because they were formerly located mainly around
Sault Ste. Marie, at the outlet of
Lake Superior, the
French referred to them as Saulteurs. Ojibwa who subsequently moved to the
prairie provinces of Canada have retained the name
Saulteaux. The major component group of the
Anishinaabe, in the US they number over 100,000 living in an area stretching across the north from
Michigan to
Montana. Another 76,000, in 125 bands, live in
Canada, stretching from western
Québec to eastern
British Columbia. They are known for their
birch bark canoes, sacred
birch bark scrolls, the use of
cowrie shells,
wild rice, copper points, and for the fact that they were the only Native Americans to come close to defeating the
Dakota band of the Sioux. The Ojibwe Nation was the first to set the agenda for signing more detailed treaties with Canada's leaders before many settlers were allowed too far west. The
Midewiwin Society was well respected as the keeper of detailed and complex scrolls of events, history, songs, maps, memories, stories, geometry, and mathematics.
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