Events610 -
Heraclius arrives by ship from
Africa at
Constantinople, overthrows
Byzantine Emperor
Phocas and becomes Emperor.1209 -
Otto IV is crowned emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire by
Pope Innocent III.1227 - Assassination of
Caliph al-Adil.1511 - Formation of the
Holy League of
Ferdinand II of Aragon, the
Papal States and the
Republic of Venice against
France.
1537 - The first complete
English-language Bible (the
Matthew Bible) is printed, with translations by
William Tyndale and
Miles Coverdale.1582 -
Pope Gregory XIII implements the
Gregorian Calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by
October 15.
1636 - The
Swedish Army defeats the armies of
Saxony and the
Holy Roman Empire at the
Battle of Wittstock.
1693 - Battle of Marsaglia: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.
1725 - Foundation of
Rosario in
Argentina.
1777 -
Battle of Germantown: Troops under
George Washington are repelled by
British troops under Sir
William Howe.
1779 - The
Fort Wilson Riot takes place.
1795 -
Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence with a "Whiff of Grapeshot", using cannon to suppress armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the French Legislature (
National Convention).
1824 -
Mexico adopts a
new constitution and becomes a federal republic.
1830 - Creation of the state of
Belgium after separation from The
Netherlands.
1853 -
Crimean War: The
Ottoman Empire declares war on
Russia.
1883 - First run of the
Orient Express.1883 - First meeting of the
Boys' Brigade in
Glasgow,
Scotland.
1895 - The first
U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship administered by the
United States Golf Association is played on a nine-hole course in
Newport, Rhode Island.
1910 - Declaration of the
Portuguese Republic. King
Manuel II flees to the
United Kingdom.1910 - Adoption of the
Flag of Bermuda.
1918 - An explosion kills more than 100 and destroys the
T.A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant in
Sayreville, New Jersey. Fires and explosions continue for three days forcing massive evacuations and spreading ordnance over a wide area, pieces of which are still being found in 2007.
1921 -
Riccardo Zanella becomes first elected president of
Free State of Fiume.
1927 -
Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting
Mt. Rushmore.
1940 - Meeting between
Adolf Hitler and
Benito Mussolini at the
Brenner Pass.
1943 -
World War II: U.S. captures
Solomon Islands.
1957 - Launch of
Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.1957 -
Avro Arrow roll-out ceremony at
Avro Canada plant in
Malton, Ontario.
1958 -
Fifth Republic of
France is established.
1960 -
Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a
Lockheed L-188 Electra, crashes after a
bird strike on takeoff from
Boston's
Logan International Airport, killing 62 of 72 on board.
1965 - The first
Pope to ever visit the
United States of America,
Pope Paul VI arrives in
New York.
1966 -
Basutoland becomes independent from the
United Kingdom and is renamed
Lesotho.
1967 -
Omar Ali Saifuddin III of
Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan
Hassanal Bolkiah.
1975 - A
Cessna 310Q airplane crashes over
Wilmington, North Carolina, killing the pilot and severely injuring several pro wrestlers affiliated with the
NWA's
Mid-Atlantic promotion. One of the survivors is the legendary
Ric Flair.
1976 - Official launch of the
Intercity 125 High Speed Train (HST).
1983 -
Richard Noble sets a new
land speed record of 633.468
mph (1,019 km/h), driving
Thrust 2 at the
Black Rock Desert of
Nevada.
1985 -
Free Software Foundation is founded in
Massachusetts,
USA.
1988 -
U.S. televangelist Jim Bakker is indicted for fraud.
1991 - The
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is opened for
signature.
1992 - The
Rome General Peace Accords ends a 16 year
civil war in Mozambique. 1992 -
El Al Flight 1862: an
El Al Boeing 747-258F crashes into two apartment buildings in
Amsterdam, killing 43 including 39 on the ground.
1993 -
Russian Constitutional Crisis: In
Moscow,
tanks bombard the
White House, a government building that housed the
Russian parliament, while demonstrators against
President Boris Yeltsin rally outside.
1997 - The
second largest cash robbery in
U.S. history occurs at the
Charlotte, North Carolina office of
Loomis, Fargo and Company. An
FBI investigation eventually results in 24 convictions and the recovery of approximately 95% of the $17.3 million in cash which had been taken.
2001 -
Siberia Airlines Flight 1812: a Sibir Airlines
Tupolev TU-154 crashes into the
Black Sea after being struck by an errant Ukrainian
S-200 missile. 78 people are killed.
2003 -
Maxim restaurant suicide bombing in
Haifa,
Israel: 21
Israelis,
Jews and
Arabs, are killed, and 51 others wounded.
2004 -
SpaceShipOne wins
Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight.
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4. Oktober
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