Events 740 - An
earthquake strikes
Constantinople, causing much damage and death.1640 - The
Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between
Scotland and
Charles I of England.
1774 - The first
Continental Congress adjourns.
1776 -
Benjamin Franklin departed America for
France on a mission to seek French support for the
American Revolution1795 - The
French Directory, a five-man revolutionary government, is created.
1825 - The
Erie Canal opens - passage from
Albany, New York to
Lake Erie.
1859 - The
Royal Charter is wrecked on the coast of
Anglesey, north
Wales with 459 dead.
1860 - Meeting of
Teano.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, conqueror of the
Kingdom of Two Sicilies, gives it to King
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.
1861 - The
Pony Express officially ceased operations.
1863 -
The Football Association is formed.
1881 - The
Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place at
Tombstone, Arizona.
1905 -
Norway becomes independent from
Sweden.
1912 -
First Balkan War: The city of
Thessaloniki is unified with
Greece on the
feast day of its
patron Saint Demetrius. On the same day the
Serbian troops captured
Skopje.
1917 -
Battle of Caporetto:
Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat at the hands of
Germany and
Austria during the
World War I.
1917 -
Julian date of the
October Revolution (
November 7 in
Gregorian calendar).
1918 -
Erich Ludendorff, quartermaster-general of the
Imperial German Army, is dismissed by
Kaiser Wilhelm II of
Germany for refusing to cooperate in peace negotiations.
1936 - The first
electric generator at
Hoover Dam went into full operation.
1940 - The
P-51 Mustang makes its maiden flight.
1942 -
World War II: In the
Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands during the
Guadalcanal Campaign, one U.S. aircraft carrier,
Hornet, was sunk and another aircraft carrier,
Enterprise, is heavily damaged.
1943 -
World War II: First flight of the
Dornier Do 335 "Pfeil".
1944 -
World War II: The
Battle of Leyte Gulf ends.
1947 - The
Maharaja of
Kashmir agrees to allow his kingdom to join
India.1947 - The British Military Occupation ends in
Iraq.
1948 -
Killer smog settles into
Donora, Pennsylvania.
1951 - Boxer
Joe Louis comes out of retirement to fight
Rocky Marciano. However, Marciano would win the fight in eight rounds.
1954 -
Trieste return to
Italy.
1955 - After the last
Allied troops have left the country and following the provisions of the
Austrian Independence Treaty, Austria declares its
permanent neutrality.1955 -
Ngô Đình Diệm declares himself Premier of
South Vietnam.
1958 -
Pan American Airways makes the first commercial flight of the
Boeing 707 from New York to Paris.
1964 -
Eric Edgar Cooke becomes last person in
Western Australia to be executed.
1965 -
The Beatles are appointed
Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBEs).
1977 - The last natural case of
smallpox was discovered in Merca district,
Somalia. The
WHO and the
CDC consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of
vaccination.
1978 -
Independent Counsel Act is signed into law.
1979 -
Park Chung-hee,
President of South Korea is
assassinated by KCIA head
Kim Jae-kyu.
Choi Kyu-ha becomes the acting President; Kim is executed the following May.
1984 - "
Baby Fae" receives a
heart transplant from a
baboon.1984 - John D. McCollum shoots and kills himself after spending a day listening to
Ozzy Osbourne records; a lawsuit is later filed by his parents over the song "
Suicide Solution", but the case is eventually thrown out.
1992 - The command and control system of the
London Ambulance Service fails catastrophically.1992 - The
Charlottetown Accord fails to win majority support in a
Canada wide
referendum.
1994 -
Jordan and
Israel sign a peace treaty.1994 - Announcement that
Andrew Wiles correctly proved
Fermat's last theorem.
1995 -
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
Mossad agents assassinate
Islamic Jihad leader Fathi Shikaki in his hotel in
Malta.
1999 -
Britain's House of Lords votes to end the right of
hereditary peers to vote in Britain's upper chamber of
Parliament.
2000 -
Laurent Gbagbo takes over as president of
Côte d'Ivoire following a popular uprising against President
Robert Guéï.
2001 - The
United States passes the
USA PATRIOT Act into law.
2002 -
Moscow Theater Siege ends: Approximately 50
Chechen rebels and 150 hostages die when
Russian Spetsnaz storm a theater building in
Moscow, which had been occupied by the rebels during a musical performance three days before.
2003 - The
Cedar Fire, the second-largest fire in California history, kills 15 people, consumes 250,000 acres (1,000 km²), and destroys 2,200 homes around San Diego.
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