Events533 -
Byzantine general Belisarius makes his formal entry into
Carthage, having conquered it from the
Vandals.1552 -
Khanate of Kazan is conquered by troops of
Ivan Grozny.1582 -
Pope Gregory XIII implements the
Gregorian calendar. In
Italy,
Poland,
Portugal, and
Spain,
October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.
1764 -
Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing in the ruined Temple of
Jupiter in
Rome, which inspires him to begin work on
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire1815 -
Napoleon I of France begins his exile on
Saint Helena in the
Atlantic Ocean.
1863 -
American Civil War: The
CSS H. L. Hunley, the first
submarine to sink a ship, sinks during a test, killing its inventor, Horace L. Hunley.
1878 - The
Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
1880 -
Mexican soldiers kill
Victorio, one of the greatest
Apache military strategists.
1888 - The "From Hell" letter sent by
Jack the Ripper is received by the investigators.
1894 -
Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying -
Dreyfus affair begins.
1904 - The Russian
Baltic Fleet leaves
Reval,
Estonia for
Port Arthur during the
Russo-Japanese War.
1917 -
World War I: At
Vincennes outside of
Paris, Dutch dancer
Mata Hari is executed by
firing squad for
spying for
Germany.
1928 - The airship, the
Graf Zeppelin completed its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing at
Lakehurst, New Jersey,
USA.
1932 - Tata Airlines (later to become
Air India) makes its first flight.
1934 - The
Soviet Republic of China collapses when
Chiang Kai-shek's
National Revolutionary Army successfully encircle
Ruijin, forcing the fleeing
Communists to begin the
Long March.
1939 - The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed
La Guardia Airport) is dedicated.
1940 - "
The Great Dictator", a satiric social commentary film by and starring
Charlie Chaplin, is released.
1944 - The
Arrow Cross Party (very similar to Hitler's NSDAP (Nazi party)) takes over the power in Hungary.
1945 -
World War II: The former premier of
Vichy France Pierre Laval is shot by a
firing squad for
treason.
1946 -
Nuremberg Trials:
Hermann Göring poisons himself the night before his execution.
1951 - Television sitcom
I Love Lucy premieres.1951 - Mexican chemist
Luis E. Miramontes synthesized the
first oral contraceptive1953 - British
nuclear test Totem 1 detonated at
Emu Field,
South Australia.
1965 -
Vietnam War: The
National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a
draft card in the
United States to result in arrest under a new law.
1969 -
Vietnam War: Hundreds of thousands of people take part in National Moratorium antiwar demonstrations across the United States.
1970 - Thirty-five construction workers are killed when a section of the new
West Gate Bridge in
Melbourne collapses.1970 -
Anwar Sadat becomes president of
Egypt1971 - The start of the 2500-year celebration of
Iran, celebrating the birth of
Persia.
1981 - Professional cheerleader
Krazy George Henderson leads what is thought to be the first
audience wave in
Oakland, California.
1987 - The
Great Storm of 1987 hits France and England.
1988 -
Kirk Gibson of the
Los Angeles Dodgers hits a walk off home run to beat the
Oakland Athletics in Game 1 of the
1988 World Series.
1989 -
Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the
NHL.
1990 -
Soviet Union leader
Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen
Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
1992 - In
Russia,
Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 53
serial murders.
1997 - The first supersonic
land speed record is set by Andy Green in
ThrustSSC (
United Kingdom). 1997 - The
Cassini probe launches from
Cape Canaveral on its way to
Saturn.
2001 -
NASA's
Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of
Jupiter's moon
Io.
2003 -
China launches
Shenzhou 5, its first
manned space mission.2003 - The
Staten Island Ferry boat
Andrew J. Barberi collides with a pier at the
St. George Ferry Terminal in
Staten Island, killing 11 people and injuring 43.
2005 -
Iraqi constitution ratification vote2005 -
Riot in
Toledo, Ohio breaks out during a
National Socialist/Neo-Nazi protest; over 100 are arrested.
2007 -
Sir Menzies Campbell resigns effective immediately as Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the United Kingdom.
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15. Oktober
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