Events409 -
Vandals and
Alans crossed the
Pyrenees and appeared in
Hispania.1282 -
Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of
Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.1307 - Hundreds of
Knights Templar in
France are simultaneously arrested by agents of
Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "
admitting"
heresy.1492 -
Columbus and his crew land in the
Bahamas1582 - Because of the implementation of the
Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in
Italy,
Poland,
Portugal and
Spain.
1773 - The
Whirlpool Galaxy was discovered by
Charles Messier1775 - The
United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the
United States Navy).
1792 - In
Washington, D.C., the cornerstone of the
United States Executive Mansion (known as the
White House since
1818) is laid.
1812 -
War of 1812:
Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the
Niagara campaign in
Ontario, Canada,
United States forces under General
Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading
Canada by
British and native troops led by Sir
Isaac Brock.
1843 - In
New York City,
Henry Jones and 11 others found
B'nai B'rith (the oldest
Jewish service organization in the world).
1845 - A majority of voters in the
Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the
U.S. Congress, will make
Texas a
U.S. state.
1870 - The
Kappa Kappa Gamma fraternity is founded at
Monmouth College in
Monmouth, Illinois, by six pioneering women.
1881 - Revival of the
Hebrew language as
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.
1885 - The
Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is founded in
Atlanta, Georgia.
1884 -
Greenwich established as universal time meridian of longitude.
1890 - The
Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law students at
Cornell University in
Ithaca, New York.
1892 -
Edward Emerson Barnard discovers
D/1892 T1 (Barnard 3), the first
comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13-14.
1917 - The
"Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in
Fátima, Portugal.
1918 -
Mehmed Talat Pasha and the
Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending
Ottoman participation in
World War I.
1923 -
Ankara replaces
Istanbul as the capital of
Turkey.
1943 -
World War II: The new government of
Italy sides with the
Allies and declares war on
Germany.
1944 -
World War II:
Riga, the capital of
Latvia is seized by the
Red Army.
1946 -
France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
1958 - Burial of Eugenio Pacelli,
Pope Pius XII on the 41st anniversary of the
"Miracle of the Sun".
1960 -
1960 World Series:
Pittsburgh Pirates second baseman Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a
World Series with a
home run, as the Pirates beat the
New York Yankees, four games to three.
1967 - The first game in the history of the
American Basketball Association is played as the
Anaheim Amigos lose to the
Oakland Oaks 134-129 in
Oakland, California.
1971 -
1971 World Series: The first night game in
World Series history is played at
Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium between the
Baltimore Orioles and
Pittsburgh Pirates.
1972 - An
Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashed outside
Moscow killing 176.1972 -
Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the
Andes mountains, in between the borders of
Argentina and
Chile. By
December 23,
1972 only 16 out of 45 people lived long enough to be rescued.
1976 - A Bolivian
Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in
Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).1976 - The first
electron micrograph of an
Ebola viral particle was obtained by
Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at
U.C. Davis, who was then working at the
C.D.C..
1977 - Four
Palestinians hijack
Lufthansa Flight 181 to
Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the
Red Army Faction.
1983 -
Ameritech Mobile Communications (now
Cingular) launched the first US
cellular network in
Chicago, Illinois.
1990 - End of the
Lebanese war.
Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of
Lebanon removing
General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.
1993 - Captured
American Pilot
Mike Durant is filmed in an interview in captivity by a
CNN camera crew.
1999 - The
United States Senate rejects ratification of the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
2003 - The
Public Library of Science commences publication of an
open access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
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13. Oktober
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