An
oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas or faithfulness, is a pledge of
allegiance of one person to another. Typically the oath is made upon a religious object such as a Bible or saint's
relic thus binding the oath taker before God.In
medieval Europe, fealty was sworn between two people, the obliged person (
vassal) and a person of rank (
lord). This was done as part of a formal
commendation ceremony to create a
feudal relationship.Fealty and homage are a key element of
feudalism. Under the feudal system, the smallest unit of land a fief could own was called a
fea or
fee, giving rise to the modern day terms of
freehold
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