Urban warfare is a modern warfare conducted in
urban areas such as
towns and
cities. As a distinction, warfare conducted in population centers before the 20th century is generally considered
siege warfare. Urban combat is very different from combat in the open at both the
operational and
tactical level. Complicating factors in urban warfare are the presence of
civilians and buildings of all sorts. Some civilians may be difficult to distinguish from combatants such as armed
militias and
gangs, particularly if individuals are trying to protect their homes. Tactics are complicated by a
three-dimensional environment, limited
fields of view and fire because of buildings, enhanced concealment and cover for defenders, below ground infrastructure, and the ease of placement of
booby traps and
snipers.
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