The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of
Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the
Kagyu,
Sakya and
Gelug). "Nyingma" literally means "ancient," and is often referred to as the "school of the ancient translations" or the "old school" because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from
Sanskrit into
Tibetan, in the eighth century. In modern times the Nyingma lineage has been centered in
Kham in eastern Tibet.
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