November 4

Events1576 - Eighty Years' War: In Flandes, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).1677 - The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange. They would later be known as William and Mary.1737 - The Teatro di San Carlo was inaugurated.1825 - The Erie Canal was completed with Governor DeWitt Clinton performing the Wedding of The Waters ceremony in New York Harbor.1839 – The Newport Rising was the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.1852 - Count Camillo Benso di Cavour became the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expanded to become Italy. 1861 - The University of Washington opens in Seattle, Washington as the Territorial University1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville - Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material. 1869 - The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published.1889 - Menelek of Shoa obtains the allegiance of a large majority of the Ethiopian nobility, paving the way for him to be crowned emperor.1890 - City & South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.1899 - Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published.1918 - World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.1918 - The German Revolution begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.1921 - The Sturmabteilung or SA is formally formed by Adolf Hitler1921 - Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi assassinated in Tokyo.1922 - In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to King Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.1924 - Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming elected as the first woman governor in the United States.1927 - Frank Heath and his horse Gypsy Queen return to Washington, D.C., having completed a two-year journey of 11,356 miles to all 48 states.1928 - Arnold Rothstein, New York City's most notorious gambler, is shot dead over a poker game. 1939 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents. 1942 - World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein - Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.1945 - UNESCO is founded. 1948 - T. S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.1952 - The United States government establishes the National Security Agency.1955 - The rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with Ludwig van Beethoven's Fidelio after it was totally destroyed in World War II.1956 - Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country. 1960 - Filming wraps on The Misfits, starring Marilyn Monroe and Clark Gable -- the last film for both. 1966 - Two-thirds of Florence, Italy is submerged as the Arno rivers flood; considering also the contemporary flood of Po River in northern Italy, 113 people die, 30,000 are rendered homeless, and numerous Renaissance artworks and books are destroyed.1970 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States turns control of the Binh Thuy Air Base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.1970 - Genie, a 13 year old feral child was found in Los Angeles, California having been locked in her bedroom for most of her life.1979 - Iran hostage crisis begins: Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (53 of whom are American). 1984 - Dell was founded.1984 - Sandinista Front wins the elections in Nicaragua.1986 - Chief Justice Rose Bird and two colleagues are removed by the electorate from the Supreme Court of California for their opposition to capital punishment.1989 - The congress of the Solidarity Party is inaugurated in Sweden. The congress decides, contrary to the proposal of the central committee, not to disband the party.1993 - Jean Chrétien takes office as Prime Minister of Canada.1993 - Bolivia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.1993 - A series of fires destroy 1000 homes in southern California, causing between 500 million and 1 billion USD of damage. Half of the fires turn out to be arson.1993 - A China Airlines Boeing 747 overran Runway 13 at Hong Kong's Kai Tak International Airport while landing during a typhoon, injuring 22 people.1994   - San Francisco: First conference that focused exclusively on the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web. 1995 - Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by an extreme right-wing Israeli.2001 - Hurricane Michelle hits Cuba, destroying crops and thousands of homes.2001 - The Police Service of Northern Ireland is established.2002 - Chinese authorities arrest cyber-dissident He Depu for signing pro-democracy letter to the 16th Communist Party Congress2002 -  Fugazi plays last show to date in London, UK at The Forum2003 - The most powerful solar flare as observed by satellite instrumentation is recorded.2003 - Former HealthSouth CEO Richard Scrushy becomes the first person indicted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. He was eventually acquitted.2004 - 12 French soldiers, 3 UN personnel and hundreds of civilians die during the Côte d'Ivoire civil war.
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