Events 644 -
Umar ibn al-Chattab, the second Muslim
caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in
Medina.1462 -
Henry IV of Castile is proclaimed prince of
Catalunya.1468 -
Liege is sacked by
Charles I of Burgundy's troops.1481 -
Francis I of Navarre is proclaimed king.1483 -
Giuliano della Rovere is appointed as
Bishop of Bologna.1493 -
Christopher Columbus first sights the island of
Dominica in the
Caribbean Sea.
1783 - John Austin, a
highwayman, is the last to be publicly
hanged at
London's
Tyburn gallows.1783 - The
Continental Army is disbanded.
1792 - The
University of Guadalajara,
Mexico, is opened.
1793 -
French playwright,
journalist and
feminist Olympe de Gouges is
guillotined.
1810 -
Giacchino Rossini's La cambiale di matrimonio is premiered.
1812 -
Napoleonic armies defeated at
Vyazma1817 - The
Bank of Montreal,
Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in
Montreal,
Quebec.
1838 -
The Times of India, the world's largest circulated
English language daily
broadsheet newspaper is founded as
The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
1844 - Debut of
Giuseppe Verdi's
I due Foscari, at
Teatro Argentina,
Rome.
1848 - A greatly revised
constitution, drafted by
Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the
Dutch monarchy, and strengthening the powers of the parliament and the ministers, is proclaimed. This constitution is still in effect today.
1856 - A British fleet bombs
Canton.
1883 -
American Old West: Self-described "
Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last
stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture.
1903 - With the encouragement of the
United States,
Panama proclaims itself independent from
Colombia. US President
Theodore Roosevelt had wanted the United States to build the
Panama Canal, but was not willing to pay what Colombia asked.
1905 -
Tsar Nicholas II of
Russia signs a document of amnesty for the political prisoners.
1911 -
Chevrolet officially enters the
automobile market in competition with the
Ford Model T.
1913 - The
USA introduces an
income tax.
1918 -
Austria-Hungary enters an
armistice with the
World War I Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.1918 -
Poland declares its independence from
Russia.
1924 - The Trigon Engineering Society is founded on
The Lawn at
The University of Virginia in room 17.
1930 -
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas became Head of the Provisional Government in
Brazil after a bloodless coup on
October 24.
1935 -
George II of Greece regains his throne through a popular
plebiscite.
1942 -
World War II:
Second Battle of El Alamein ends -
German forces under
Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.1942 - The city of
Kisarazu in founded in
Chiba,
Japan.
1943 -
World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S.
8th Air Force devastate
Wilhelmshafen harbor in Germany.
1944 -
World War II: Two supreme commanders of the
Slovak National Uprising, Generals
Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
1954 - The first in the
Godzilla series of films is released in
Japan.
1957 -
Sputnik program: The
Soviet Union launches
Sputnik 2. On board is the first
animal to enter
orbit: a
dog named
Laika.
1958 - The UNESCO Palace is inaugurated.
1959 -
Ben Gurion's Israeli Labourist Party wins the elections.
1964 - Washington D.C. residents are able to vote in a presidential election for the first time.
1967 -
Vietnam War:
Battle of Dak To begins.
1969 -
Vietnam War:
U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on
television and
radio, asking the "silent majority" to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.
1970 -
Salvador Allende is inaugurated as president of
Chile.
1972 - Salvador Allende forms a civil-military government in Chile.
1973 -
Mariner program:
NASA launches the
Mariner 10 toward
Mercury, on
March 29, 1974 becoming the first
space probe to reach that planet.
1975 - An independent audit of
Mattel, one of the
United States's largest
toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials fabricated
press releases and financial information to "maintain the appearance of continued corporate growth."
1978 -
Dominica gains its independence from the
United Kingdom.
1979 -
Greensboro massacre: Five members of the
Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of
Klansmen and
neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally.
1982 - The
Salang tunnel fire in
Afghanistan kills up to 2,000+ people.1982 - The
Dow Jones Industrial Average surges 43.41 points, or 4.25%, to close at 1,065.49, its first all-time high in more than nine years. The points gain was the biggest ever up to that point.
1984 -
Indira Gandhi was cremated at Shakti Sthal.
1986 -
Iran-Contra Affair: The
Lebanese magazine
Ash-Shiraa reports that the
United States has been selling weapons to
Iran in secret in order to secure the release of seven American
hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.1986 - The
Federated States of Micronesia become independent from the
United States of America.
1988 -
Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the
Maldivian government. At President
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's request, the
Indian military suppresses the
coup attempt within 24 hours.
1988 -
Alpha Nu Omega a national Greek letter Christian organization comprised of both a fraternity and sorority under one Constitution is founded at Morgan State University.
1991 - Fifteen people are killed in the
Barrios Altos massacre in
Lima,
Peru.
1998 - Former
professional wrestler Jesse Ventura is elected
Governor of Minnesota.
2003 -
NYC Subway's Redbird Trains Make Final Run
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