Events
164 BC -
Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the
Hasmonean family, restores the
Temple in Jerusalem. Events commemorated each year by the festival of
Hanukkah.235 -
Anterus is elected
Pope.1272 - Following
Henry III of England's death on
November 16, his son
Prince Edward becomes
King of England.
1620 -
Plymouth Colony settlers sign the
Mayflower Compact (11 November,
O.S.).
1783 - In
Paris,
Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and
François Laurent, Marquis d'Arlandes, make the first untethered
hot air balloon flight.
1789 -
North Carolina ratifies the
United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th
U.S. state.
1791 - Colonel
Napoléon Bonaparte is promoted to full general and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the
French Republic.
1861 -
American Civil War:
Confederate President
Jefferson Davis appoints
Judah Benjamin secretary of war.
1877 -
Thomas Edison announces his invention of the
phonograph, a machine that can record sound.
1894 -
Port Arthur massacre:
Port Arthur,
Manchuria falls to the Japanese, a decisive Japanese victory of the
First Sino-Japanese War.
1905 -
Albert Einstein's paper, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", is published in the journal "Annalen der Physik". This paper reveals the relationship between energy and mass. This leads to the
mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc².
1916 - The
HMHS Britannic sinks in the
Aegean Sea after an explosion from an unknown object, killing 30 people.
1920 -
Bloody Sunday during the
Anglo-Irish War1922 -
Rebecca Latimer Felton of
Georgia takes the oath of office, becoming the first woman
United States Senator.
1927 -
Columbine Mine Massacre:
Striking coal miners were allegedly attacked with
machine guns by a detachment of state
police dressed in
civilian clothes.
1934 -
Ella Fitzgerald makes her singing debut at age 16 at the
Apollo Theater in
Harlem,
New York.
1941 - The
radio program
King Biscuit Time is broadcast for the first time (it would later become the longest running daily radio broadcast in history and the most famous live
blues radio program).
1942 - The completion of the
Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (the
highway was not usable by general vehicles until
1943, however).
1945 - The first issue of the French magazine,
ELLE is launched.
1953 - Authorities at the
British Natural History Museum announce that the "
Piltdown Man"
skull, held to be one of the most famous fossil skulls in the world, was a hoax.
1956 -
Don Newcombe of the then
Brooklyn Dodgers wins the
Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award of the
National League. He won because he posted a staggering 27-7 record and an
E.R.A. of 3.06.
1962 - The
Chinese People's Liberation Army declares a unilateral
cease-fire in the
Sino-Indian War.
1964 - The
Verrazano Narrows Bridge opens to traffic (at the time it was the world's longest
suspension bridge).1964 -
Second Vatican Council: The third session of the
Roman Catholic Church's
ecumenical council closes.
1967 -
Vietnam War:
American General
William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."
1969 - The first
ARPANET link is established.1969 - US President
Richard Nixon and Japanese Premier
Eisaku Sato agree in
Washington, DC on the return of
Okinawa to
Japanese control in
1972. Under terms of the agreement, the US is to retain its rights to bases on the island, but these are to be nuclear-free.
1970 -
Vietnam War:
Operation Ivory Coast - A joint
Air Force and Army team raids the
Son Tay prison camp in an attempt to free American
POWs thought to be held there.
1971 -
Indian troops partly aided by
Mukti Bahini (
Bengali guerrillas) defeated the
Pakistan army in the
Battle of Garibpur.
1974 - The
Birmingham Pub Bombings by the
IRA killed 21 people. The
Birmingham Six were sentenced to life in prison for this and subsequently acquitted.
1977 -
Minister of Internal Affairs Hon
Allan Highet announced that 'the
national anthems of
New Zealand shall be the traditional anthem '
God Save the Queen' and the poem '
God Defend New Zealand', written by
Thomas Bracken, as set to music by
John Joseph Woods, both being of equal status as national anthems appropriate to the occasion'.
1979 - The
United States Embassy in
Islamabad,
Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set alight, killing four. (see:
Foreign relations of Pakistan)
1980 - A deadly fire breaks out at the
MGM Grand Hotel in
Las Vegas, Nevada (now
Bally's Las Vegas). 87 people are killed and more than 650 are injured in the worst disaster in Nevada history.1980 -
Lake Peigneur drained into an underlying salt deposit. A misplaced Texaco oil probe drilled into the Diamond crystal salt mine; water flowing down into the mine eroded the edges of the hole. The whirlpool created sucked the drilling platform, several barges, houses and trees thousands of feet, to the bottom of the dissolving salt deposit.1980 - Who Shot JR? - The
Dallas Episode "Who Done It?" aired on US television. It was one of the highest-rated episodes of a TV show ever aired.
1985 -
United States Navy intelligence analyst
Jonathan Jay Pollard is arrested for
spying (he was caught giving
Israel classified information on
Arab nations and was eventually sentenced to life in prison).
1986 -
Iran-Contra Affair: National Security Council member
Oliver North and his secretary start to shred documents implicating them in the sale of weapons to
Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the
Contra rebels in
Nicaragua.
1988 -
Canadian federal election, 1988 - Canadians re-elect the
Progressive Conservative government of
Brian Mulroney after an election campaign fought mainly over the issue of the
Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement.
1990 -
Charter of Paris for a New Europe refocusses the efforts of the
Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europeon post-
Cold War issues. 1990 -
Nintendo's successor to the
Famicom, the
Super Famicom was released in Japan.
1991 - "The Apple of God's Eye", an undercover investigative journalism piece exposing the fundraising practices of American
televangelist Robert Tilton, airs on
ABC's
Primetime Live newsmagazine show for the first time.
1995 - The
Dayton Peace Agreement was initialled in the
Wright Patterson Air Force Base, near
Dayton,
Ohio, ending three and a half years of war in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agreement was formally ratified in
Paris, on
December 14 that same year.1995 -
Toy Story is released as the first feature-length film created completely using
computer-generated imagery.1995 - The
Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 5,000 (5,023.55) for the first time.
1996 - A
propane explosion at the Humberto Vidal shoe store and office building in
San Juan,
Puerto Rico kills 33.
2002 -
NATO invites
Bulgaria,
Estonia,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Romania,
Slovakia and
Slovenia to become members.
2004 - The second round of the
Ukrainian presidential election is held, unleashing massive protests and controversy with regards to the election's integrity.2004 - The island of
Dominica is hit by its most destructive
earthquake in history; the northern half of the island receives the most damage, especially in the town of
Portsmouth. It is also felt in neighboring
Guadeloupe, where one person is killed as a result.2004 - The
Paris Club agrees to write off 80% (up to $100 billion) of
Iraq's external debt.
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21. November
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