Events326 - The old
St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.
1095 - The
Council of Clermont, called by
Pope Urban II to discuss sending the
First Crusade to the
Holy Land, begins.1302 -
Pope Boniface VIII issues the
Papal bull Unam sanctam ("The One Holy"). 1307 - According to legend,
William Tell shoots an apple off his son's head.
1421 - A seawall at the
Zuiderzee dike breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people in the
Netherlands.1477 -
William Caxton produces Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, the first book printed on a printing press in
England.1493 -
Christopher Columbus first sights what is now
Puerto Rico.
1626 -
St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.1686 - Charles Francois Felix operates on King
Louis XIV's
anal fistula after practicing the surgery on several peasants.
1803 - The
Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the
Haitian Revolution, is fought, leading to the establishment of the
Republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere.
1852 -
Rose Philippine Duchesne dies in St. Charles Missouri - Canonized 3 July 1988 by Pope John Paul II.
1863 - King
Christian IX of
Denmark decided to sign the november constitution, which declared
Schleswig as part of Denmark, what was seen by the
German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and lead to the
German–Danish war of 1864.
1865 -
Mark Twain's story
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County is published in the New York Saturday Press.
1883 - American and Canadian
railroads institute five standard continental
time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
1903 - The
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the
United States and
Panama, giving the Americans exclusive rights over the
Panama Canal Zone.
1904 - General
Esteban Huertas steps down after the government of Panama fears he wants to stage a
coup.
1905 - Prince Carl of
Denmark becomes King
Haakon VII of Norway.
1909 - Two United States
warships are sent to
Nicaragua after 500
revolutionaries (including two Americans) are executed by order of
José Santos Zelaya.
1916 -
World War I:
First Battle of the Somme ends - In
France,
British Expeditionary Force commander
Douglas Haig calls off the battle which started on
July 1, 1916.
1917 -
Sigma Alpha Rho, a Jewish high school fraternity, is founded in
West Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
1918 -
Latvia declares its independence from
Russia.
1926 -
George Bernard Shaw refuses to accept the money for his
Nobel Prize, saying, "I can forgive
Alfred Nobel for inventing
dynamite, but only a fiend in human form could have invented the Nobel Prize."
1928 - Release of the animated short
Steamboat Willie, the first fully synchronized sound
cartoon, directed by
Walt Disney and
Ub Iwerks, featuring the second appearances of cartoon stars
Mickey and
Minnie Mouse. This is also considered by the Disney corporation to be Mickey's birthday.
1929 -
Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of
Newfoundland in the
Atlantic Ocean, a
Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine
earthquake, centered on
Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine
transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a
tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the
Burin Peninsula area.
1938 -
Trade union members elect
John L. Lewis as the first president of the
Congress of Industrial Organizations.
1940 -
World War II: German leader
Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister
Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss
Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of
Greece.
1942 -
Holocaust: German
SS carry out selection of Jewish
ghetto in
Lviv, western
Ukraine, arresting 5.000 "unproductive
Jews". All get deported to
Belzec death camp.
1943 -
World War II:
Battle of Berlin (air), 440
Royal Air Force planes bomb
Berlin causing only light damage and killing 131. The RAF lost nine aircraft and 53 air crew. 1943 -
Holocaust: Aktion Emtefest: Nazis liquidate
Janowska concentration camp in
Lviv, western
Ukraine, murdering at least 6.000 surviving
Jews.
German SS leader Fritz Katzman declares
Lviv (Lemberg) to be Judenfrei (free from the
Jews).
1970 - U.S. President
Richard Nixon asks the
U.S. Congress for US$155 million in supplemental aid for the
Cambodian government.
1978 -
Jonestown incident: In
Guyana,
Jim Jones leads his
Peoples Temple cult in a mass
murder-suicide that claims 918 lives in all, 909 of them at
Jonestown itself, including over 270 children.
1982 -
Duk Koo Kim dies unexpectedly from injuries sustained during a 14-round match against
Ray Mancini in
Las Vegas, prompting reforms in the sport of
boxing.
1987 -
Iran-Contra Affair: The
U.S. Congress issues its final report on the
Iran-
Contras affair. 1987 -
King's Cross fire: In
London, 31 people die in a fire at the city's busiest
underground station at
King's Cross St Pancras.
1988 -
War on Drugs: U.S. President
Ronald Reagan signs a bill into law providing the
death penalty for murderous
drug traffickers.
1991 -
Shiite Muslim kidnappers in
Lebanon set
Anglican Church envoys
Terry Waite and
Thomas Sutherland free. 1991 - After the
3-month siege, the
Croatian city of
Vukovar capitulates to besieging Yugoslav People's Army and allied Serb paramilitary forces.
1993 - In
South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new
constitution.
1999 - In
College Station, Texas, 12 are killed and 27 injured at
Texas A&M University when a huge
bonfire under construction collapses.
2001 -
Luigi's Mansion makes its launch for the
Nintendo Gamecube introducing two new characters:
E. Gadd and
King Boo2002 -
Iraq disarmament crisis:
United Nations weapons inspectors led by
Hans Blix arrive in
Iraq.
2003 - In the UK the
Local Government Act 2003, repealing controversial anti-gay amendment
Section 28, becomes effective.2003 - The congress of the
Communist Party of Indian Union (Marxist-Leninist) decides to merge the party into
Kanu Sanyal's
CPI(ML).
2004 - Russia officially ratifies the
Kyoto Protocol.
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