Events 534 - A second and final revision of the
Codex Justinianus is published.1384 -
Jadwiga is crowned
King of Poland, although she is a woman.1491 - An
auto de fe, held in Brasero de la Dehesa outside of
Ávila, concludes the case of the
Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several
Jewish and
converso suspects.
1532 -
Francisco Pizarro and his men capture
Inca Emperor
Atahualpa.
1632 - The
Battle of Lützen, where
king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden is killed.
1776 -
American Revolutionary War:
Hessian mercenaries capture
Fort Washington from the
Patriots. 1776 -
American Revolution: The
United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the
United States, the first country in the world to do so (This is a controversial statement, because other sources say that the
Kingdom of Morocco was the first to extend diplomatic recognition to the new United States).
1805 -
Napoleonic Wars:
Battle of Schöngrabern -
Russian force under
Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under
Murat.
1821 -
American Old West:
Missouri trader
William Becknell arrives in
Santa Fe, New Mexico over a route that became known as the
Santa Fe Trail.
1849 - A
Russian court sentences
Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his execution is canceled at the last minute.
1857 -
Second relief of Lucknow. The most
Victoria Crosses won in a single day (24).
1863 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Campbell's Station near
Knoxville, Tennessee.
Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack
Union forces.
1885 -
Canadian rebel leader of the
Métis and "Father of
Manitoba",
Louis Riel is executed for
treason.
1896 - First transmission of electricity between a power plant and a city was sent from the
Niagara Falls hydroelectric plant to industries in
Buffalo, New York.
1904 -
John Ambrose Fleming invents the
vacuum tube.
1906 -
Opera star
Enrico Caruso is charged with an indecent act after allegedly pinching a woman's bottom in the monkey house of
New York's
Central Park Zoo.
1907 -
Indian Territory and
Oklahoma Territory become
Oklahoma and are admitted as the 46th
U.S. state.1907 -
Cunard Line's
RMS Mauretania sister ship of
RMS Lusitania, sets sail on her maiden voyage from
Liverpool, England to
New York City.
1914 - The
Federal Reserve Bank of the
United States officially opens.
1920 -
Qantas, the
national airline of
Australia is registered as an aerial carrier under the name of “Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited”. Only
KLM (now part of
Air France-KLM) and
Avianca are older.
1932 -
New York City's
Palace Theatre fully coverted to a
cinema, which is considered the final death knell of
vaudeville as a popular entertainment in the United States.
1933 - The
United States and the
Soviet Union establish formal
diplomatic relations.
1934 -
James J. Braddock won one of the most important fights of his career against then future heavyweight champion
John Henry Lewis1940 -
World War II: In response to
Germany's leveling of
Coventry, England two days before, the
Royal Air Force bombs
Hamburg. 1940 -
Holocaust: In occupied
Poland, German
Nazis close off the
Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world. 1940 -
New York City's
Mad Bomber places his first bomb at a
Manhattan office building used by
Consolidated Edison.
1943 - World War II:
American bombers strike a
hydro-electric power facility and
heavy water factory in
German-controlled Vermork,
Norway.
1944 -
Dueren,
Germany is completely destroyed by
Allied aerial bombers.
1945 -
Cold War: The
United States Army secretly admits 88
German scientists & engineers to help in the production of
rocket technology.
1957 -
Serial killer Edward Gein murders his last victim, Bernice Worden.
1959 - The
Broadway musical,
The Sound of Music, starring
Mary Martin and
Theodore Bikel opens at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater.
1965 -
Venera program: The
Soviet Union launches the
Venera 3 space probe toward
Venus, the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another
planet.
1973 -
Skylab program:
NASA launches
Skylab 4 with a crew of three
astronauts from
Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission. 1973 -
US President Richard Nixon signs the
Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the
Alaska Pipeline.
1977 -
Close Encounters of the Third Kind opens in theaters.
1979 - The first line of
Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea in
Bucharest,
Romania.
1981 -
Luke and Laura marry on the U.S.
soap opera General Hospital; it is the highest-rated hour in
daytime television history.
1984 -
Queen Elizabeth II visited
Uppingham School, Rutland, UK on the occasion of its Quatercentenary.
1988 - The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that
Estonia was "sovereign" but stopped short of declaring independence. 1988 - In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in
Pakistan choose populist candidate
Benazir Bhutto to be
Prime Minister of Pakistan.
1989 - A
death squad composed of
El Salvadoran army troops kill six
Jesuit priests and two others at
Jose Simeon Canas University.1989 - Devastating tornado strikes
Huntsville, Alabama.1989 -
UNESCO adopts the
Seville Statement on Violence at the twenty-fifth session of its General Conference.
1996 -
Mother Teresa receives honorary US citizenship. 1996 - The
Jumbotron at
Buffalo's
HSBC Arena falls to the ice hours before a hockey game; no one is injured.
1997 - After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the
People's Republic of China releases
Wei Jingsheng, a pro-
democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
2000 -
Bill Clinton becomes the first
U.S. President to visit
Vietnam since the end of the
Vietnam War.
2004 -
X-43A scramjet becomes the fastest air-breathing jet flying at nearly Mach 10 at approx. 11,200 km/h or 3.11 km/s.
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