This article is about the art movement. For the school of early 20th-century epistemology, see
New realism (philosophy). New Realism (in French: Nouveau Réalisme) refers to an artistic movement founded in
1960 by the art critic
Pierre Restany and the paintor
Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the
Apollinaire gallery in
Milan. Pierre Restany wrote the original manifesto for the group, titled the "Constitutive Declaration of New Realism," in April 1960. Proclaiming "New Realism New Perceptive Approaches of the Real," this joint declaration was signed on
October 27,
1960, in Yves Klein's workshop, by nine people: Yves Klein,
Arman, Francois Dufrêne,
Raymond Hains, Martial Raysse,
Pierre Restany,
Daniel Spoerri,
Jean Tinguely and
Jacques de la Villeglé; in 1961 these were joined by
César,
Mimmo Rotella, then
Niki de Saint Phalle and Gérard Deschamps. The artist
Christo joined the group in 1963.
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