Natural (raw) residuals

The difference between the observed (Yi) and fitted values (Yi-hat) of the response variable in regression. To obtain the standardised residual, this value is divided by its estimated standard deviation. Other residual types are Pearson residual, deviance residual and deletion residual. In all cases, a relatively large residual indicates an observation poorly fitted by the model. The one which is most closely related to maximum likelihood estimation (i.e., generalized linear models) is the standardised deviance residual (which is equal to the standardised Pearson residual in normal linear models).