A Nansen bottle is a device for obtaining samples of
seawater at a specific depth. It was designed in
1910 by the early
20th-century explorer and
oceanographer Fridtjof Nansen and further developed by
Shale Niskin. The bottle, more precisely a metal or plastic cylinder, is lowered on a cable into the
ocean, and when it has reached the required depth, a brass weight called a "messenger" is dropped down the cable. When the weight reaches the bottle, the impact tips the bottle upside down and trips a spring-loaded
valve at the end, trapping the water sample inside. The bottle and sample are then retrieved by hauling in the cable.
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An ocean-water sampling bottle with spring-loaded valves at both ends that are closed at an appropriate depth by a messenger device sent down the wire connecting the bottle to the surface.
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