Methylation is a term used in the chemical sciences to denote the attachment or substitution of a
methyl group on various substrates. This term is commonly used in chemistry,
biochemistry, and the biological sciences.In biochemistry, methylation more specifically refers to the replacement of a hydrogen atom with the methyl group.In biological systems, methylation is
catalyzed by
enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of
heavy metals, regulation of
gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA metabolism. Methylation of
heavy metals can also occur outside of
biological systems. Chemical methylation of tissue samples is also one method for reducing certain histological staining artifacts.
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The addition of a methyl group to DNA. Methylated DNA is inactivated and not transcribed. Most frequently occurs at CpG doublets (see genomic imprinting and CpG islands).
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