Memphis was the ancient capital of the first
nome of
Lower Egypt, and of the
Old Kingdom of
Egypt from its foundation until around
2200 BC and later for shorter periods during the
New Kingdom, and an administrative centre throughout ancient history. Its
Ancient Egyptian name was Ineb Hedj ("The White Walls"). The name "Memphis" is the
Greek deformation of the Egyptian name of
Pepi I's (
6th dynasty)
pyramid, Men-nefer, which became Menfe in
Coptic. The modern cities and towns of Mit Rahina,
Dahshur,
Saqqara,
Abusir,
Abu Gorab, and
Zawyet el'Aryan, south of
Cairo, all lie within the administrative borders of historical Memphis . Memphis was also known in
Ancient Egypt as Ankh Tawy ("That which binds the Two Lands"), thus stressing the strategic position of the city between
Upper and
Lower Egypt.
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