Events1252 -
Pope Innocent IV issues the
papal bull ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the
torture of
heretics in the
Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across
Catholic Europe.1514 -
Jodocus Badius Ascensius publishes
Christiern Pedersen's
Latin version of
Saxo’s
Gesta Danorum, the oldest known version of that work.
1525 - The battle of Frankenhausen ends the
Peasants' War.1567 -
Mary Queen of Scots weds
James Hepburn,
Earl of Bothwell, her third husband.
1602 -
Bartholomew Gosnold becomes the first
European to see
Cape Cod.
1618 -
Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the
third law of planetary motion (he first discovered it on
March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made).
1701 - The
War of the Spanish Succession begins.
1718 -
James Puckle, a
London lawyer, patents the world's first
machine gun.
1756 - The
Seven Years' War begins when
England declares war on
France.
1776 -
American Revolution:
Virginia convention instructs its delegates to propose a declaration of independence from
Great Britain.
1791 -
Maximilien Robespierre proposed the
self-denying ordinance.
1792 -
War of the First Coalition,
France declares war on
Kingdom of Sardinia.
1793 -
Diego Marín Aguilera flies a glider for "about 360
meters", at a height of 5-6 meters, during one of the first attempted flights.
1796 -
First Coalition:
Napoleon enters
Milan in triumph.
1811 -
Paraguay declares independence from
Spain.
1817 - Opening of the first private mental health hospital in the United States, the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now
Friends Hospital)
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
1829 -
John the Baptist confers the
Aaronic Priesthood onto
Joseph Smith Jr. and
Oliver Cowdery. <NOT ACCURATE IN ANY WAY>
1836 -
Francis Baily observes "
Baily's beads" during an
annular eclipse.
1849 - Troops of the
Two Sicilies take
Palermo and crush the republican government of
Sicily.
1851 -
Rama IV is crowned King of
Thailand.
1858 - The third
Royal Opera House officially opens in
London.
1862 -
President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the
United States Bureau of Agriculture (later renamed
USDA).
1864 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Resaca,
Georgia ends. 1864 -
American Civil War:
Battle of New Market,
Virginia – Students from the
Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the
Confederate Army to force
Union General Franz Sigel out of the
Shenandoah Valley.
1869 -
Woman's suffrage: In
New York,
Susan B. Anthony and
Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the
National Woman Suffrage Association.
1897 - The
Greek army retreats with heavy losses in
Greco-Turkish War1902 - In a field outside
Grass Valley, California,
Lyman Gilmore reportedly becomes the first person to fly a powered
airplane (a
steam-powered glider).
1905 -
Las Vegas, Nevada, is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
1910 - The last time a major earthquake happened on the
Elsinore Fault Zone.
1911 - The
United States Supreme Court declares
Standard Oil to be an "unreasonable"
monopoly under the
Sherman Antitrust Act and orders the company to be dissolved.1911 - The
Georgios Averof cruiser is bought by
Greece.
1914 -
Bolivia becomes a signatory to the
Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1918 -
Finnish Civil War ends.1918 - The
US Post Office Department (later renamed the
USPS) begins the first regular
airmail service in the world (between
New York City,
Philadelphia and
Washington, DC).
1919 - The
Winnipeg General Strike began. By 11:00, virtually the entire working population of
Winnipeg had walked off the job.1919 - Greek invasion of
İzmir. During the invasion killed or wounded 350 Turks by the Greek army. The responsible were punished by the Greek Commander Aristides Stergiades. Hasan Tahsin fired the first gun of the
Turkish War of Independence.
1920 -
Council of Lithuania adjourned as newly elected
Constituent Assembly of Lithuania met for the first time in
Kaunas1928 - Release of the
animated short "
Plane Crazy", featuring the first appearances of
Mickey and
Minnie Mouse.
1929 - A fire at the
Cleveland Clinic in
Cleveland, Ohio kills 123.
1930 - Aboard a
Boeing tri-motor,
Ellen Church becomes the first
airline stewardess, on a flight from
Oakland, California to
Chicago.
1932 - The
May 15 Incident. In an attempted
coup the
Prime Minister of
Japan Inukai Tsuyoshi is killed.
1934 - The
United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for
John Dillinger. 1934 -
Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in
Latvia.
1940 -
Nylon stockings go on sale for the first time in the
United States. 1940 -
World War II: After fierce fighting, the poorly trained and equipped Dutch troops surrender to Nazi Germany, marking the beginning of 5 years of occupation.1940 -
McDonald's is founded.
1941 -
Baseball player Joe DiMaggio starts his record-breaking 56-game hitting streak.
1942 -
World War II: In the
United States, a bill creating the
Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
1943 -
Joseph Stalin dissolves the
Comintern (or
Third International).
1945 - Last skirmish of the
Second World War in
Europe fought near
Prevalje,
Slovenia.
1948 -
Egypt,
Transjordan,
Lebanon,
Syria,
Iraq and
Saudi Arabia attack
Israel.
1951 - The
Polish cultural attache in
Paris,
Czesław Miłosz, asks the
French government for
political asylum.1951 - The cartoon
Rabbit Fire is released
1955 -
Austrian Independence Treaty signed.1955 -
First ascent of
Makalu, the world's fifth highest mountain.
1957 -
Britain tests its first
hydrogen bomb in
Operation Grapple.
1958 - The
Soviet Union launches
Sputnik 3.
1960 - The
Soviet Union launches
Sputnik 4.
1963 -
Project Mercury: launch of
Mercury-Atlas 9 with astronaut L.
Gordon Cooper onboard. He became the first American to spend more than a day in space. Final Mercury mission.1970 -
President Richard Nixon appoints
Anna Mae Hays and
Elizabeth P. Hoisington the first female
United States Army Generals.1970 - Philip Lafayette Gibbs and James Earl Green killed at
Jackson State University by police during
student protests.
1972 - The island of
Okinawa, under
U.S. military governance since its
conquest in
1945, reverts to
Japanese control.1972 - In
Laurel, Maryland,
Arthur Bremer shoots and paralyzes
Alabama Governor George Wallace while Wallace is campaigning to be
American President.
1974 –
Ma'alot massacre a total of 31 people, including hostage takers, are killed.
1978 -
Lagumot Harris, having only been elected
President less than a month before, is replaced as the leader of the
republic of
Nauru. He is succeeded by
Hammer DeRoburt.
1987 - Soviet Union launches the
Polyus prototype orbital weapons platform, which failed to reach orbit.
1988 -
Soviet war in Afghanistan: After more than eight years of fighting, the
Red Army begins its withdrawal from
Afghanistan.
1989 - The
Golden Toad was last seen due to
extinction.
1990 -
Portrait of Doctor Gachet by
Vincent van Gogh is sold for a record $82.5 million, the
most expensive painting at the time.
1991 -
Edith Cresson becomes
France's first female
prime minister.
2004 - The largest known
prime number at the time of its discovery, 224036583 − 1, is found by
Josh Findley and the
GIMPS collaborative effort.
2007 -
David Bain is released on bail, following a
Privy Council ruling that a retrial should be undertaken on the murder of his four family members.
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