Matter

W fizyce klasycznej materia to wszystko co posiada masę i zajmuje określoną przestrzeń. W fizyce współczesnej materią nazywamy wszystko co posiada energię i pęd. Np. foton jest cząstką materialną, ale nie ma masy spoczynkowej. Nie istnieje układ, w którym spoczywałby (nie zajmuje określonej przestrzeni). Jego energię i pęd widzimy (dosłownie, efekt fotoelektryczny).
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Тази статия е за понятието, използвано във физиката и химията.
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Den moderne synsvinkel på stof er, at det er alle videnskabelige observerbare entiteter. Almindeligvis er stofs definition begrænset til den der forskes i fysikkens.Stof er det materiale som fysiske objekter er lavet eller rettere sammensat af. Det udgør det observerbare univers. I denne sammenhæng skal der med observerbar forstås observerbar med alle de videnskabeligt anerkendte og rigtigt anvendte måleinstrumenter vi har. Der er en tendens til ikke at opfatte visse manifestationer af energi, som f.eks. fotoner  (lys,...) og lyd som stof. Men i fysik er denne forskel svær at opretholde, da stof og energi ifølge relativitetsteorien kan konverteres til hinanden. Stof siges at have masse og at fylde i rummet, men der er tekniske problemer i fysik med begge kriterier, se: Materialisme.
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قالب ،کالا،ماده ،جسم ،ذات ،ماهيت ،جوهر،موضوع ،امر،مطلب ،چيز،مهم بودن ،اهميت داشتن
علوم مهندسى : کالا
قانون ـ فقه : قضيه
شيمى : ماده
علوم هوايى : ماده
 کلمات مرتبط(50) 

کلمات مرتبط(matter):



بازگشت به واژه matter


a colouring matter 
 a hanging matter 
a laughing matter 
 a matter of 10 years 
a matter of fact 
 a matter of indifference 
anti-matter 
 as a matter of fact 
bituminous matter 
 coloring matter 
conservation of matter 
 does it matter to you 
fluoresent matter 
 for that matter 
front matter 
 gospel of matter 
gray matter 
 grey matter 
 i a with you on that matter 
i had no voice in that matter 
 in this matter 
interstellar matter 
 it does not matter 
 matter and form 
matter in hand 
 matter of (or for)complaint 
matter of course 
 matter of couurse 
matter of fact 
 matter on hand 
matter wave 
 no matter 
no matter how he has done it 
 post matter 
printed matter 
 subject matter 
subject-matter 
 tellurian matter 

ادامه واژه‌هاي مرتبط(12)

بازگشت به کلمات قبلي....



بازگشت به واژه matter


that is a matter of habit 
 the f.of the matter 
the matter in hand 
 the matter is perplexed 
the matter was kept private 
 to e. into a matter 
to inquire into a matter 
 to make inquires into a matter 
to sit (up)on a matter 
 what is the matter 
what matter? 
 white matter 

1536, Rabelais «nécessiter, comporter»; ital. importare, du lat. importare «porter dans», de im- (- 2. In-), et portare, et, par ext. «causer, entraîner».
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Latin importâre, to carry in, cause : in-, in; => in–2 + portre, to carry; PIE per- : To lead, pass overdar-xod bordan (pbp.)

1 bâ koneš-pazir ; fra. importer qqch, import-export, importable
(ciz i )be darun âvordan

2 bi koneš-pazir ; fra. important ; eng. matter
(xod/darun-)grân-bâr/sang budan
be hesâb âmadan
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Si l'on suit l'historique, on voit comment importer a pris le sens d'être de conséquence : une chose importe, par exemple la conservation de la vie, c'est-à-dire elle apporte avec soi.... ; puis, absolument, une chose importe. Dès lors, la transition est faite ; et du sens de porter dans ou importer, on touche au sens de avoir de l'importance

du lat. materia ; c'est le sanscrit mâtram, mesure et matière, venant de la racine mâ, faire avec la main, construire, mesurer1
mâd(d)e
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Matter is only a certain way of grouping events, and therefore were there are events there is matter.
...
certain events, gouped together by means of certain relations, form a person.

(B. RUSSELL, Religion and Science, p. 142-3)
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Meanwhile the physicists, especially Einstein and other exponents of the theory of relativity, have been making "matter" less and less material. Their world consists of "events," from which "matter" is derived by a logical construction. Whoever reads, for example, Professor Eddington's "Space, Time and Gravitation" (Cambridge University Press, 1920), will see that an old-fashioned materialism can receive no support from modern physics. I think that what has permanent value in the outlook of the behaviourists is the feeling that physics is the most fundamental science at present in existence. But this position cannot be called materialistic, if, as seems to be the case, physics does not assume the existence of matter.
...
Philosophers, on the other hand, have maintained often that matter is a mere fiction imagined by mind, and sometimes that mind is a mere property of a certain kind of matter. Those who maintain that mind is the reality and matter an evil dream are called "idealists"--a word which has a different meaning in philosophy from that which it bears in ordinary life. Those who argue that matter is the reality and mind a mere property of protoplasm are called "materialists." They have been rare among philosophers, but common, at certain periods, among men of science. Idealists, materialists, and ordinary mortals have been in agreement on one point: that they knew sufficiently what they meant by the words "mind" and "matter" to be able to conduct their debate intelligently. Yet it was just in this point, as to which they were at one, that they seem to me to have been all alike in error.

(B. RUSSELL, The Analysis of Mind)

2
(darun-)mâya
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fra. fournir la matière de base (à une idée) : dast-mâya (ye ciz i) šodan

=> quérirpors-eš (plv. pursiš)
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fra. question de ... : eng. matter of ....