Mastoiditis is an infection of the
mastoid process, the portion of the
temporal bone of the
skull that is behind the
ear. It is usually caused by untreated acute
otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. With the development of
antibiotics, however, mastoiditis has become quite rare in developed countries, most likely due to antibiotic treatment of otitis media before it can spread. It is treated with medications and/or surgery. If untreated, the infection can spread to surrounding structures, including the
brain, causing serious complications.
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